Protein translation regulation adopts a quite conserved mechanism by which cells regulate gene expression under diverse stress conditions. A number of ribosome associated factors have been implicated in direct protein biosynthesis regulation as well as in mediating antimicrobial resistance. We determined structures of stress response factors the newly emerged ATP-binding cassette family proteins (ABC-F), BipA & LepA (also called elongation factor EF-G parologs) in complex with ribosome, respectively (1-7). Based on these findings, we have recently elucidated how BipA is involved in the maturation of ribosome large subunit at suboptimal temperature(8). In addition, Gib2/RACK1 are also ribosome associated factors. Interestingly, we found that they are able to mediate kindlin-3 in association with ribosome, thereby modulating specialized protein translation. Kindlins (kindlin-1,2,3) are well-known scaffold proteins, particularly for their significance in integrin activation (9, 10). Recently we for the first time determined a long waited structure of human full-length kinlin-3, revealing an auto-inhibited model(11, 12).